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References - 1
Previous/Next Page		 Technology in Australia 1788-1988Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1

I Groping In A Strange Environment: 1788-1851

II Farmers Take The Initiative: 1851-1888

III Enter Education And Science: 1888-1927

IV Agricultural Science Pays Dividends: 1927-1987

V Examples Of Research And Development 1928-1988

VI International Aspects Of Agricultural Research

VII Future Prospects

VIII Acknowledgements

Index
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Chapter 1 - Innovation, Science and the Farmer - References

1. R. Milton Moore (ed), Australian Grasslands, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1975, 455 pp.;
A. B. Costin & C. H. Williams, Phosphorous in Australia, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, 1983, 294 pp. [Return to text]

2. N. G. Butlin, Our Original Aggression, Aboriginal Populations of Southeastern Australia. 1788-1850, George Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1983, 186 pp. [Return to text]

3. Roger Lawrence, 'Habitat and Economy: A Historical Perspective', in D. J. Mulvaney & J. Golson (eds), Aboriginal Man and Environment in Australia, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1971, pp. 249-261;
Geoffrey Blainey, Triumph of the Nomads, A History of Ancient Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1975, 285 pp.;
R. Cassels, 'Prehistoric Man and Animals in Australia and Oceania', in L. J. Peel & D. E. Tribe (eds), Domestication, Conservation and Use of Animal Resources, World Animal Science, vol. A1, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983, pp. 41-62. [Return to text]

4. A. G. L. Shaw, The Economic Development of Australia, 7th edn, Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1980, 223 pp. [Return to text]

5. H. B. Carter, His Majesty's Spanish Flock, Sir Joseph Banks and the Merinos of George III of England, Angus & Robertson, London, 1964, 520 pp.;
H. B. Carter (ed), The Sheep and Wool Correspondence of Sir Joseph Banks, The Library Council of New South Wales in association with The British Museum (Natural History), London, 1979, 641 pp.;
William Marshall, The Review and Abstract of the County Reports to the Board of Agriculture, first published 1808-1817, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, London, 1818, 5 vols. [Return to text]

6. James Atkinson, An Account of the State of Agriculture and Grazing in New South Wales, facsimile edn, first published 1826, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1975, p. 26. [Return to text]

7. James Atkinson, An Account of the State of Agriculture and Grazing in New South Wales, facsimile edn, first published 1826, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1975, p. 34. [Return to text]

8. James Atkinson, An Account of the State of Agriculture and Grazing in New South Wales, facsimile edn, first published 1826, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1975, p. 37. [Return to text]

9. Thomas Henty to William Humphry, 3 April 1833, TS copy, MS9038, Henty Papers, La Trobe Library, Victoria. [Return to text]

10. G. J. Abbott, 'The Pastoral Industry', in G. J. Abbott & N. B. Nairn (eds), Economic Growth of Australia, 1788-1821, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1969, pp. 219-244. [Return to text]

11. M. J. E. Steven, 'Exports other than Wool', in G. J. Abbott & N. B. Nairn (eds). Economic Growth of Australia, 1788-1821, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1969, pp. 285-305. [Return to text]

12. M. L. Ryder, Sheep and Man, Duckworth, London, 1983, 846 pp. [Return to text]

13. Marnie Bassett, The Hentys, An Australian Colonial Tapestry, Australian Paperbound edn, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1962, 578 pp. [Return to text]

14. J. A. Perkins, 'Rehearsal for Protectionism: Australian Wool Exports and German Agriculture, 1830-80', Australian Economic History Review, XXV, 1985, pp. 20-38;
K. T. H. Farrer, A Settlement Amply Supplied, Food Technology in Nineteenth Century Australia, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1980, 332 pp. [Return to text]

15. N. G. Butlin, Investment in Australian Economic Development, 1861-1900, Cambridge University Press, London, 1964, 477 pp.;
Lynnette J. Peel, Rural Industry in the Port Phillip Region, 1835-1880, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1974.196 pp. [Return to text]

16. R. Bromby, The Farming of Australia, Doubleday, Sydney, 1986, 239 pp. [Return to text]

17. G. J. Abbott, The Pastoral Age: A Re-Examination, Macmillan & Dalgety, South Melbourne, 1971, 221 pp.;
G. L. Buxton, The Riverina, 1861-1891, An Australian Regional Study, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1967, 338 pp.;
Stephen H. Roberts, The Squatting Age in Australia, 1835-1847, first published 1935, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1964, 378 pp. [Return to text]

18. Geoffrey Blainey, A Land Half Won, first published 1980, Sun Books, South Melbourne, 1983, 388 pp. [Return to text]

19. Quoted in Lynnette J. Peel, Rural Industry in the Port Phillip Region, 1835-1880, Melbourne University Press, Carltin, 1974.p. 139 [Return to text]

20. Quoted in Lynnette J. Peel, Rural Industry in the Port Phillip Region, 1835-1880, Melbourne University Press, Carltin, 1974.p. 148 [Return to text]

21. J. C. Le Souef, 'Acclimatisation in Victoria', Victorian Historical Magazine, 1965, 36, pp. 8-29;
Eric Rolls, They All Ran Wild, 3rd edn, Angus & Roberston Publishers, Sydney, 1984, 546 pp. [Return to text]

22. H. E. Laffer, The Wine Industry of Australia, Australian Wine Board, Adelaide, 1949, 136 pp.;
F. de Castella, 'Early Victorian Wine-Growing', Victorian Historical Magazine, 1941-2, 19, pp. 140-68. [Return to text]

23. Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Cotton Growing in Australia, An Economic Survey, BAE, Canberra, 1963, 410 pp. [Return to text]

24. Lynnette J. Peel, Rural Industry in the Port Phillip Region, 1835-1880, Melbourne University Press, Carltin, 1974.196 pp.
Samuel Wadham, R. Kent Wilson & Joyce Wood, Land Utilization in Australia, 3rd edn, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1957, 344 pp. [Return to text]

25. Lynnette J. Peel, Rural Industry in the Port Phillip Region, 1835-1880, Melbourne University Press, Carltin, 1974.196 pp. [Return to text]

26. L. J. Jones, 'A Novel Wheat Harvesting Machine in Early South Australia', Journal of the Agricultural Engineering Society (Australia), 10, 1981, pp. 2-8;
I. W. McLean,'The Adoption of Harvest Machinery in Victoria in the Late Nineteenth Century', Australian Economic History Review, XIII, 1973, pp. 41-56;
G. L. Sutton, 'The Invention of the Stripper', Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Western Australia, 14, 1937, pp. 194-247. [Return to text]

27. Edgars Dunsdorfs, The Australian Wheat-Growing Industry, 1788-1948, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1956, 547 pp.;
Callaghan & Millington, The Wheat Industry in Australia, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1956, 486 pp.;
Graeme R. Quick & Martin L. Hallett, 'Stump-Jump: A Technological Development', Agricultural Engineering Australia, 1982, 11, pp. 2-8. [Return to text]

28. Allan Thompson, 'The Origins of a Harvesting Revolution: the Development of the Combine Harvester in Australia, Canada and U.S.A.', Tools & Tillage, III, 1977, pp. 67-77;
George Parsons, 'Morrow, James (1843-1910)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, 5, 1974, pp. 298-99;
John Lack, 'McKay, Hugh Victor (1865-1926)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, 10, 1986, pp. 291-94;
Frances Wheelhouse, Digging Stick to Rotary Hoe, Cassell, Melbourne, 1966, 222 pp. [Return to text]

29. G. L. Buxton, The Riverina, 1861-1891: An Australian Regional Study, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1967, 338 pp.;
N. G. Butlin, Investment in Australian Economic Development, 1861-1900, Cambridge University Press, London, 1964, 477 pp. [Return to text]

30. G. P. Walsh, 'Wolseley, Frederick York (1837-1899)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, 6, 1976, pp. 431-32;
H. J. Gibbney, 'Austin, Baron Herbert (1866-1941)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, 3, 1969, pp. 62-3;
Francis Wheelhouse, Digging Stick to Rotary Hoe, Cassell, Melbourne, 1966, 222 pp. [Return to text]

31. H. Newton Turner, F. B. Donnelly, P. C. Booth & K. J. Whiteley, 'Wool Production', in G. Alexander & O. B. Williams, The Pastoral Industries of Australia, rev. edn, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1986, pp. 61-81;
M. L. Ryder, Sheep and Man, Duckworth, London, 1983;
Lynnette J. Peel, Rural Industry in the Port Phillip Region, 1835-1880, Melbourne University Press, Carltin, 1974.196 pp. [Return to text]

32. F. McCaffrey, First Century of Dairying in New South Wales, Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Co., Sydney, 1909, 337 pp. [Return to text]

33. L. J. Peel, 'History of the Australian Pastoral Industries', in G. Alexander & O. B. Williams, The Pastoral Industries of Australia, rev. edn, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1986, pp. 41-57. [Return to text]

34. Victorian Parliamentary Debates, 14, 1872, p. 916. [Return to text]

35. Victorian Parliamentary Debates, 14, 1872, pp. 915-918;
Victorian Parliamentary Debates, 15, 1872, pp. 1908-9;
First Annual Report of the Secretary for Agriculture, Government Printer, Melbourne, 1873, Appendix U, pp. 251-268. [Return to text]

36. Alan W. Black, Organizational Genesis and Development, A Study of Australian Agricultural Colleges, University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia, 1976, 316 pp.;
Alan W. Black & Russell A. Craig, The Agricultural Bureau: A Sociological Study, Sociology Research Monograph No. 1, The University of New England, Armidale, 1978, 165 pp. [Return to text]

37. Ken Sillcock, Three Lifetimes of Dairying in Victoria, The Hawthorn Press, Melbourne, 1972, 182pp.;
W. T. Wright, The Livestock Annual of Australia, 1905, D. W. Paterson, Melbourne, 1905, 496 pp. [Return to text]

38. O. H. Frankel, 'The Social Responsibility of Agricultural Science'. The Australian Journal of Science, 1963, 25, p. 301. [Return to text]

39. S. M. Wadham, 'Education in Agricultural Science in Australian Universities', Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 1951, 17, pp. 99-100. [Return to text]

40. G. Edgar, 'Contributions of Agricultural Research in Livestock Industries', Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 1951, 17, p. 90. [Return to text]

41. S. M. Wadham, Australian Farming 1788-1965, F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 1967, p. 39. [Return to text]

42. V. A. Edgeloe, The Waite Agricultural Research Institute: The First Fifty Years 1924-1974, The Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 1984, pp. 5-6. [Return to text]

43. V. A. Edgeloe, The Waite Agricultural Research Institute: The First Fifty Years 1924-1974, The Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 1984, p. 7. [Return to text]

44. C. B. Schedvin & K. Trace, 'Aspects of the Pre-War History of CSIR', Paper for the Australian Association for the History and Philosophy of Science Conference, Melbourne, 1976, 21 pp.;
George Currie & John Graham, The Origins of CSIRO, Science and the Commonwealth Government, 1901-1926, CSIRO, Melbourne, 1966, 203 pp. [Return to text]

45. G. W. Edwards, & J. W. Freebairn, Measuring a Country's Gains from Research: Theory and Application to Rural Research in Australia, A Report to the Commonwealth Council for Rural Research and Extension. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1981, 154 pp. [Return to text]

46. J. S. Marsden, G. E. Martin, D. J. Parham, T. J. Ridsdill Smith, & B. G. Johnston, Returns on Australian Agricultural Research, IAC/CSIRO, Melbourne, 1980, 107 pp. [Return to text]

47. G. M. Scobie, 'Agricultural research: what's it worth in New Zealand?' Proceedings of a Symposium on the Effects of Agricultural and Veterinary Research, Extension and Regulation on Economic Growth, Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, Melbourne, 1986, p. 51. [Return to text]

48. R. Rivett, David Rivett: Fighter for Australian Science, Rivett, Melbourne, 1972, p. 132. [Return to text]

49. R. Rivett, David Rivett: Fighter for Australian Science, Rivett, Melbourne, 1972, p. 132. [Return to text]

50. R. Rivett, David Rivett: Fighter for Australian Science, Rivett, Melbourne, 1972, p. 181. [Return to text]

51. R. H. Heathcote, 'Goyder's Line: A Line for all Seasons?', in D. J. Carr & S. G. M. Carr, People and Plants in Australia, Academic Press Australia, Sydney, 1981, pp. 295-321;
D. W. Meinig, On the Margins of the Good Earth, the South Australian Wheat Frontier 1869-1884, first published 1962, Seal Books edn, Rigby, Adelaide, 1970, 231 pp. [Return to text]

52. L. A. Downey, Pig Raising in Australia, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1951, p. 2. [Return to text]

53. A. C. Dunkin, 'The Contribution of Science to Australian Intensive Agriculture, 2. The Pig Industry', Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 1985, 51, pp. 92-97. [Return to text]

54. M. W. McDonald, 'The Contributions of Science to Australian Intensive Agriculture, 3. The Poultry Industry', Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 1985, 51, p. 98. [Return to text]

55. B. R. Davidson, Australia Wet or Dry?, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1969, 264 pp.;
B. R. Davidson, European Farming in Australia, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1981, 437 pp. [Return to text]

56. W. S. Mollah, Humpty Doo: Rice in the Northern Territory, Australian National University North Australia Research Unit Monograph, Canberra, 1982, 29 pp. [Return to text]

57. B. R. Davidson, The Northern Myth, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1965, 283 pp. [Return to text]

58. J. J. Basinski, I. M. Wood, 'Kimberley Research Station', in J. J. Basinski, I. M. Wood & J. B. Hacker (eds), The Northern Challenge: a History of CSIRO Crop Research in Northern Australia, Research Report No. 3, CSIRO Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, Brisbane, 1985, pp. 52-53. [Return to text]

59. A. G. Lloyd, Rural Economics Study: A Report to the Minister of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Government Printer, Melbourne, 1986, pp. 14-15. [Return to text]

60. G. Samuel & C. S. Piper, 'Manganese as an Essential Element for Plant Growth', Annals of Applied Biology, 1929, 16, pp. 493-524. [Return to text]

61. C. M. Donald & J. A. Prescott, 'Trace Elements in Australian Crop and Pasture Production', in D, J. D. Nicholas & A. R. Egan (eds), Trace Elements in Soil Plant Animal Systems, Academic Press, New York, 1975, p. 10. [Return to text]

62. H. Lloyd Davies & L. F. Myers, 'Agricultural Development in High Rainfall Southern Australia', Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 1985, 51, pp. 178-184. [Return to text]

63. A. J. Anderson, 'Molybdenum deficiency on a South Australian ironstone soil', Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 1942, 8, pp. 73-75. [Return to text]

64. A. J. Anderson, 'Molybdenum as a fertilizer', Advances in Agronomy. 1948, 8, p. 163. [Return to text]

65. J. F. Loneragan, D. Meyer, R. G. Fawcett & A. J. Anderson, 'Lime pelletting clover seed for nodulation on acid soils'. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 1955, 26, pp. 26-32. [Return to text]

66. R. J. Moir, 'E. J. UnderwoodAgricultural Scientist', Underwood Memorial Lecture, Proceedings Australian Society of Animal Production, 1984, 15, p. 6. [Return to text]

67. E. J. Underwood & J. F. Filmer, 'Enzootic marasmus, The determination of the biologically potent element (cobalt) in Limonite'. Australian Veterinary Journal 1935, 11, pp. 84-92. [Return to text]

68. H. R. Marston. 'Problems associated with "coast disease" in South Australia.' Journal of the Council for Science & Industrial Research, 1935, 8, pp. 111-116. [Return to text]

69. H. W. Bennetts & F. E. Chapman. 'Copper deficiency in sheep in Western Australia: A preliminary account of the etiology of enzootic ataxia of lambs and an anaemia of ewes.' Australian Veterinary Journal, 1937, 13, pp. 138-149. [Return to text]

70. D. J. D. Nicholas & A. R. Egan (eds). Trace Elements in Soil Plant Animal Systems, Academic Press, New York, 1975, 417 pp. [Return to text]

71. H. R. Angell, A. V. Hill & J. M. Allan, 'Downy Mildew (Blue Mould) of Tobacco: Its Control by Benzol and Tuluol Vapours in Covered Seed-beds'. Journal of the Council for Science & Industrial Research, 1935, 8, pp. 203-213. [Return to text]

72. F. Fenner and F. N. Ratcliffe, Myxomatosis, Cambridge University Press, London, 1965, p. 8. [Return to text]

73. F. Fenner and F. N. Ratcliffe, Myxomatosis, Cambridge University Press, London, 1965, p. 379. [Return to text]

74. V. G. Cole, 'Animal Health' in G. Alexander & O. B. Williams (eds) The Pastoral Industries of Australia, Sydney University Press, 1973, p. 422. [Return to text]

75. A. G. Eyles & D. G. Cameron, Pasture Research in Northern Australiaits history, achievements and future emphasis, Research Report No. 4; CSIRO Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, Brisbane, 1985, p. 122. [Return to text]

76. R. J. Clements & D. G. Cameron (eds), Collecting and Testing Tropical Forage Plants, CSIRO, Melbourne, 1980, 154 pp.;
J. G. McIvor & R. A. Bray (eds), Genetic Resources of Forage Plants, CSIRO, Melbourne, 1983, 337 pp. [Return to text]

77. J. M. Vincent (ed.), Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes, Academic Press, Sydney, 1982, 288 pp. [Return to text]

78. R. B. Kelley, Native and Adapted Cattle, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1959, p. 219. [Return to text]

79. R. B. Kelley, Native and Adapted Cattle, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1959, p. 221. [Return to text]

80. J. E. Vercoe, 'The Potential of Northern AustraliaAnimals' in Food Resources of Australia, Australian Academy of Technological Sciences, Melbourne, 1980, pp. 61-72. [Return to text]

81. A. G. Lloyd, Rural Economics Study: A Report to the Minister of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Government Printer, Melbourne, 1986, pp. 14-15. [Return to text]

82. M. K. Wegener, 'The Contribution of Science to Australian Tropical Agriculture, 4. The Sugar Industry', Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 1986, 51, pp. 29-41. [Return to text]

83. H. Newton Turner & S. S. Y. Young, Quantitative Genetics in Sheep Breeding, Macmillan, Australia, 1969. 332 pp. [Return to text]

84. A. Barnard (ed), The Simple Fleece, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, 1962, 640 pp.;
H. G. Belschner. Sheep Management and Diseases, 10th edn, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1976, 838 pp.;
D. E. Tribe & G. J. R. Coles. Prime Lamb Production: The Husbandry of Crossbred and Dual Purpose Sheep, F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 1966, 239 pp. [Return to text]

85. J. G. Davies, 'Contributions of Agricultural Research in Pastures', Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 1951, 17, p. 54. [Return to text]

86. C. W. Wrigley & A. Rathjen, 'Wheat Breeding in Australia', in D. J. Carr & S. G. M. Carr, Plants and Man in Australia, Academic Press, Sydney, 1981, pp. 96-135;
A. R. Callaghan & A. J. Millington, The Wheat Industry in Australia, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1956, 486 pp. [Return to text]

87. J. B. Brennan, Impact of Wheat Varieties from CIMMYT on Australian Wheat Production, Agricultural Economics Bulletin 5, Department of Agriculture NSW, 1986, 56 pp. [Return to text]

88. P. W. Jones, Australia's International Relations in Education, Australian Education Review 23, Australian Council for Educational Research, 1986, p. 61-62. [Return to text]

89. A. G. Lloyd, Rural Economics Study: A Report to the Minister of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Government Printer, Melbourne, 1986, pp. 14-15. [Return to text]

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