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Federation and MeteorologyBureau of Meteorology
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Table of Contents

Memories of the Bureau, 1946 to 1962

Foreword

Terminology

Prologue

Preface

Chapter 1: The Warren Years, 1946 to 1950

Chapter 2: International Meteorology

Chapter 3: The Timcke Years, 1950 to 1955

Chapter 4: A Year at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Chapter 5: The Dwyer Years, 1955 to 1962
Leonard Joseph Dwyer—A Complex Character
Reorganising the Bureau
Public Weather Services
Forecasts for the General Public
Importance of Radio Stations
The Advent of Television
Automatic Telephone Forecast Service
Beacons
Wording and Verification of Forecasts
Warnings
Services for Aviation
Atomic Weapons Tests
Atomic Weapons Tests—Mosaic G1 and G2
Atomic Weapons Tests—Buffalo 1, 2, 3 and 4
Atomic Weapons Tests—Operations Antler, 2 and 3
Atomic Weapons Tests—Minor Trials
Instruments and Observations
Radiosondes
Radar/Radio Winds and Radar Weather Watch
Automatic Weather Stations
Sferics
Meteorological Satellites
Telecommunications
Tropical Cyclones
Bureau Conference on Tropical Cyclones
International Symposium on Tropical Cyclones, Brisbane
Hydrometeorology
Design of Water Storages, Etc
Flood Forecasting
Cloud Seeding
Reduction of Evaporation
Rain Seminar
Cloud Physics
Fire Weather
Research and Special Investigations
International Activities
The International Geophysical Year
The Antarctic and Southern Ocean
International Symposium on Antarctic Meteorology
International Antarctic Analysis Centre
ADP, EDP and Computers
Training
Publications
Management Conference
Services Conference
CSIRO and the Universities
Achievements of the Dwyer Years

Chapter 6: A Springboard for the Future

Appendix 1: References

Appendix 2: Reports, Papers, Manuscripts

Appendix 3: Milestones

Appendix 4: Acknowledgements

Appendix 5: Summary by H. N. Warren of the Operation of the Meteorological Section of Allied Air Headquarters, Brisbane, 1942–45

Endnotes

Index
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Fire Weather (continued)

As reported in Weather News No 5 of December 1956 he secured approval for the creation of positions of fire weather meteorologist in each Divisional Office and two positions of meteorologist in the Central Office in Melbourne. Using the basic system which was already in use in the Divisional Offices the fire weather meteorologists maintained a watch on the quantity and flammability of forest and grass fuel. Foresters had long used hazard sticks the weight of which gave an indication of dryness and therefore forest flammability. There was much discussion on the relevance of these indicators to the flammability of grasslands.

Reports of weather conditions and fuel state were analysed by fire weather meteorologists, and were made available more frequently as fire danger grew. Communications were overhauled in consultation with fire authorities, the PMG and radio stations. During appropriate fire weather seasons special forecasts were issued twice daily and special warnings were issued when conditions were critical. In the event of outbreak of bushfires the fire weather forecasters were in constant touch with fire control authorities.

It took some time for Commonwealth and State authorities to adapt to Len Dwyer's initiative and there was some resentment from those who thought the Bureau was usurping the responsibility of others in broadcasting warnings of weather conditions conducive to the outbreak and spread of bushfires. However a close working relationship soon developed with fire authorities cooperating in monitoring of fuel state, the Bureau maintaining a weather watch and issuing warnings and fire authorities fighting the fires and evacuating threatened people from fire prone areas.

G. U. (Gwynne) Wilson had transferred from Sydney to Melbourne in 1954 and in 1955 was placed in charge of the Fire Weather Section of the Bureau's Central Office. He was engaged in maintaining liaison between Divisional Offices and Central Office and participating with Divisional Office fire weather meteorologists in discussions with fire authorities. The physics of fire behaviour became a subject of great interest to fire weather meteorologists who collaborated with Commonwealth and State authorities in their investigations.

Weather News No 9 of April 1957 reports an on-the-spot investigation by Gwynne Wilson and Angus Robin of a forest fire at Broadford in Victoria. They made observations of wind, temperature and humidity in the vicinity of the fire, observed fire behaviour and assisted the fire fighters by interpreting the relevance of the weather forecasts prepared by the Victorian Divisional Office to local conditions. Their participation illustrated the value to firefighters of on-the-spot advice from fire weather meteorologists.


People in Bright Sparcs - Dwyer, Leonard Joseph

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Gibbs, W. J. 1999 'A Very Special Family: Memories of the Bureau of Meteorology 1946 to 1962', Metarch Papers, No. 13 May 1999, Bureau of Meteorology

© Online Edition Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre and Bureau of Meteorology 2001
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