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Table of Contents

Memories of the Bureau, 1946 to 1962

Foreword

Terminology

Prologue

Preface

Chapter 1: The Warren Years, 1946 to 1950

Chapter 2: International Meteorology

Chapter 3: The Timcke Years, 1950 to 1955

Chapter 4: A Year at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Chapter 5: The Dwyer Years, 1955 to 1962
Leonard Joseph Dwyer—A Complex Character
Reorganising the Bureau
Public Weather Services
Forecasts for the General Public
Importance of Radio Stations
The Advent of Television
Automatic Telephone Forecast Service
Beacons
Wording and Verification of Forecasts
Warnings
Services for Aviation
Atomic Weapons Tests
Atomic Weapons Tests—Mosaic G1 and G2
Atomic Weapons Tests—Buffalo 1, 2, 3 and 4
Atomic Weapons Tests—Operations Antler, 2 and 3
Atomic Weapons Tests—Minor Trials
Instruments and Observations
Radiosondes
Radar/Radio Winds and Radar Weather Watch
Automatic Weather Stations
Sferics
Meteorological Satellites
Telecommunications
Tropical Cyclones
Bureau Conference on Tropical Cyclones
International Symposium on Tropical Cyclones, Brisbane
Hydrometeorology
Design of Water Storages, Etc
Flood Forecasting
Cloud Seeding
Reduction of Evaporation
Rain Seminar
Cloud Physics
Fire Weather
Research and Special Investigations
International Activities
The International Geophysical Year
The Antarctic and Southern Ocean
International Symposium on Antarctic Meteorology
International Antarctic Analysis Centre
ADP, EDP and Computers
Training
Publications
Management Conference
Services Conference
CSIRO and the Universities
Achievements of the Dwyer Years

Chapter 6: A Springboard for the Future

Appendix 1: References

Appendix 2: Reports, Papers, Manuscripts

Appendix 3: Milestones

Appendix 4: Acknowledgements

Appendix 5: Summary by H. N. Warren of the Operation of the Meteorological Section of Allied Air Headquarters, Brisbane, 1942–45

Endnotes

Index
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Cloud Seeding (continued)

It is significant that the recently published AMOS record of interview of Bill Priestley by Bruce Morton indicates that they agreed to avoid detailed discussion of Taffy's performance in management of cloud seeding experiments. This record pays appropriate tribute to the highly significant research contributions of Pat Squires, Sean Twomey, Jack Warner and others to the knowledge of the physics of cloud and precipitation processes. The AMOS transcript of Bruce Morton's similar interview of Jack Warner suggests they avoided a detailed discussion of CSIRO'S cloud seeding ventures and Taffy's role therein.

Taffy, a man of considerable charm and a brilliant lecturer, was not a good listener. When he had convinced himself that he had made an important discovery in meteorology he discouraged discussion of evidence that cast doubt on his theories. His persuasive manner convinced Fred White to endorse his claims that some cloud seeding operations had increased rainfall by 30 percent. These claims did not survive careful evaluation. I imagine that Fred White would have later regretted his somewhat impulsive endorsement of Taffy's claims.

Taffy also ventured into the prediction of long-range forecasting of rainfall, using somewhat dubious intuitive assumptions regarding atmospheric processes. His claims of the value of his long-range rain predictions of the trend of departure from average monthly rainfall were no more convincing than those for the success of cloud seeding.

It was unfortunate that Taffy became convinced of his intuitive conclusions regarding rain-making and long-range rainfall forecasting leading him to premature announcements of the certainty of those conclusions. As pointed out by Ryan (1997), Taffy had used his wartime radar techniques in 1946 to initiate CSIR's research in the fields of radio astronomy, radio navigation and cloud and rain physics, the latter subject arising from the wartime discovery that rain clouds gave a radar echo. Taffy's CSIRO Division of Radiophysics made very significant contributions in these fields.

It is significant that when Jack Warner was Chief of the Division of Radiophysics he concluded that there was no evidence of substantial increases in rainfall from cloud seeding. CSIRO abandoned the exercise. Jack's conclusion was endorsed by the CSIRO Division of Statistics.


People in Bright Sparcs - Dwyer, Leonard Joseph; Priestley, Charles Henry Brian (Bill); Ryan, Patrick (Pat); Squires, Patrick; White, Frederick William George

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Gibbs, W. J. 1999 'A Very Special Family: Memories of the Bureau of Meteorology 1946 to 1962', Metarch Papers, No. 13 May 1999, Bureau of Meteorology

© Online Edition Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre and Bureau of Meteorology 2001
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