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Technology in Australia 1788-1988 |
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Table of Contents
Chapter 12 I The First Half Century - The Initial Struggle II The Second Fifty Years - The Start Of Expansion III The Third Fifty Years - Federation And The First World War i General Conditions ii Some Early Innovative Approaches iii Concrete Pipes iv Cement-fibre Pipes v Concrete Products vi The Birth of the Iron and Steel Industry IV The Fourth Period - Second World War To The Present References Index Search Help Contact us |
Beginnings at Newcastle (continued) The works was situated on the Hunter River estuary at Newcastle on land which required very deep piling and much filling to bring it adequately above high water mark. The first ore ships from Whyalla arrived in Newcastle in January 1915 and two months later the Blast Furnace was blown-in, to be followed in April by the first Open Hearth, and the first steel rails were produced on April 24, 1915. The works at this stage had cost around £1.5 million for an annual capacity of 150,000 tonnes or £10 per annual tonne of capacity. With the urgency of war, the whole of the first year's output had been booked ahead. By 1915 the Government had ordered 106,000 tonnes rails and later in the war period, BHP made its first steel export of rails to Britain, France and America. There was a need to expand the works to make products other than rails and in 1915, a direct metal foundry was added to produce ingot moulds and a year later a steel casting foundry was opened. A second Blast Furnace of 1000 tonne per day capacity was blown-in in the same year together with the addition of 450 mm merchant mill for light rails and structural. Ship construction at Walsh Island opposite the steelworks had been started by the Government early in the war and a request was made to BHP to roll heavy plate for warship construction. Although a mill for this purpose had not been contemplated, the request was answered by construction of the mill in Newcastle, the local firm A. Goninan & Co. making the steel mill housings, each of which weighed 50 tonnes. With business looking bright as the war finished, BHP committed itself to No. 3 Blast Furnace that was blown-in in 1921.
Wire products The Titan Manufacturing Company produced a similar product range to Austral Nail Co. and were situated close by in Victoria. Titan had been founded by a John Rose in 1888 and went into new premises around the start of the war, taking rod from BHP. In 1927, the nail and barbed wire manufacture of this company were integrated with Rylands through a BHP takeover. Australian Wire Rope Works Pty. Ltd. was established in Newcastle in 1923 as an outcome to talks between BHP and English company, Bullivants. Production of wire rope products began in 1925 and some years later, BHP bought out the Bullivants interests. There were many important technological developments during the first decade of Australian production of wire, led mostly from Newcastle and coming largely from the influence of J. K. MacDougall, son of the earlier James MacDougall. His aim was to supply quality feed wire to the wire ropeworks and this led to the introduction of the first patenting plant, a heat treatment process which was followed initially by an air quench but later developed to a lead bath quench. He instigated an all-steel fencing system with the 'Star Picket' post, patented in 1926 and the 'Key Hole Tie' for baling wool and other items, patented in 1930. After considerable development backed strongly by Essington Lewis, the first multi-hole wire drawing machine was installed which projected Australian wire industry technology into the world front ranks for the first time. The subsequent procurement of tungsten carbide dies from Germany in 1934 and the addition of water cooling at the die and block, combined with other refined practices in cleaning and coating, led to dramatic increases in finishing speeds to 12.5 m per second compared with only 2.0 m per second with single block stands. Welding of rod coils introduced continuous processing and reduced eight separate operations to two. At this time, 1935, Rylands, Newcastle, was drawing equivalent wires twice as fast as the best American mills and three times faster than the British and so overseas mills began changing to Rylands' practices. Speeds of finishing were later increased to 22-23 m per second.
Organisations in Australian Science at Work - A. Goninan & Co.; Austral Nail Co. Ltd; Australian Wire Rope Works Pty Ltd; Rylands Bros., (Aust.) Ltd; Titan Manufacturing Company People in Bright Sparcs - Lewis, Essington; MacDougall, J. K.; MacDougall, James; Rose, John
© 1988 Print Edition pages 872 - 873, Online Edition 2000 Published by Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre, using the Web Academic Resource Publisher http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/852.html |