Divergent forces are at work also within systems as ISDN concepts are based on merging traffic of all types in composite data streams in centralised systems, while at the same time there is strong growth in private networks. Then, too, the policy makers, not only in Australia but world-wide, grapple with issues such as public versus private ownership, regulated or deregulated systems, monopoly or otherwise.

Again in the case of broadcasting, technology and public policies are interacting. Technology is for instance facilitating both an increased range of services and, through networking, greater concentration of ownership giving rise to important policy considerations.[74]

The conclusion then is that, despite the achievements during the two centuries since the First Fleet, new challenges and fresh opportunities for Australian technologists working in the communications domain will forever lie ahead. The challenges and opportunities which will face policy markers will be no less demanding as the developments of Australia will depend to an increasing extent on the availability of efficient, modern telecommunications and information infrastructure and services.

Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering