In the design of sewage reticulation, the early Australian engineers generally opted for separate systems, one for sewage and another for surface storm water. This technique avoided the health and environmental problems associated with combined systems, but necessitated strict controls to keep surface water out of sewers, a requirement facilitated by the uniform use throughout Australia of the rubber-ring pipe joint to minimize infiltration.

An interesting innovation developed in Victoria has been the use of follow-the-flow pumping stations in sewerage systems. This technique reduces capital cost considerably by eliminating expensive wet wells; reduces turbulence and hence siltation in pipes; and lessens hydrogen sulphide formation because the sewage is kept moving.

More effective control over pipes, plumbing fittings and other accessories has been possible in Australia than in the older cities of the Northern Hemisphere because of the responsibility for sewerage being vested in statutory bodies with wide powers and a high degree of mutual co-operation and consultation. One result of this co-operation has been the development of standardised codes of practice and the licensing of plumbers, which has led to high technical standards.

Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering