Chapter 3
I Background
II Early European Settlements
III Assessment Of Available Water Resources
IV Water Supplies For Goldmining Development
V Irrigation Development
VI Farm And Stock Water Supplies
VII Urban Water Supplies
i Reticulation systems
ii Water treatment
iii Water saving techniques
iv Desalination
v Conjunctive use - West Pilbara water supply
vi Conjunctive use - Newcastle and district water supply scheme
vii Olympic Dam mining project - water supply
viii Urban water supply dams in South Australia
ix Multi-purpose schemes - the Wivenhoe project
VIII Wastewater Management And Treatment
IX Water Quality Management
X Limnological And Water Quality Research
XI New Techniques In Water Resource Planning And Management
XII Legislation
XIII Conclusion
XIV List Of Abbreviations
XV Acknowledgements
XVI Plantations-high Productivity Resources
References
Index
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Conjunctive use - Newcastle and district water supply scheme
The Hunter District Water Supply and Sewerage Board, constituted in 1892, operates an interesting conjunctive use scheme to supply water to a regional population in excess of 500,000 and a large heavy industry complex north of Sydney.Supplies drawn from the Chichester River in conventional fashion were supplemented, commencing in 1936, from the Tomago Sandbeds, which extend for about 35 km parallel to the coast and lie between the area being supplied and the sea. Twenty pumping stations have been installed, with a total estimated capacity of 90 ML pd. Considerable care must be exercised in operating these coastal sandbeds to avoid intrusion of sea water by over-development.
Further augmentation of the scheme became necessary by 1980, and was provided by an off-stream storage at Grahamstown. This storage is filled by diversion from the Williams River, and water is drawn from Grahamstown as required to supplement the other two sources -Chichester and Tomago. This combination of supplies is expected to cope with demand until the year 2000. A unique feature of the Grahamstown storage is that it is flanked on the east by the Tomago Sandbeds, so that any leakage will effect re-charge and will therefore not be lost to the system.
Organisations in Australian Science at Work - Hunter District Water Supply and Sewerage Board, N.S.W.
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Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering |  |
© 1988 Print Edition page 176, Online Edition 2000
Published by Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre, using the Web Academic Resource Publisher
http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/179.html