The Aboriginal Welfare Board (Victoria) was the department of the Victorian state government responsible for Aboriginal affairs from 1957 to 1968. The Aboriginal Welfare Board pursued a policy of assimilating Aboriginal Victorians into the wider community, bringing it into line with the national policy in Aboriginal affairs at that time. Established at a time of renewed calls to end Aboriginal poverty and deprivation, the Aboriginal Welfare Board imposed stricter government controls over the lives of Aboriginal people but failed to consult with them about the cause of the problems faced by the Aboriginal community or the best means to solve them. A housing policy intended to 'scatter' Aboriginal families in houses throughout the wider community, and the removal from their homes and institutionalisation of Aboriginal children, were central Aboriginal Welfare Board policies.

Philip Eric Felton was the first State Superintendent of the Aboriginal Welfare Board (Victoria) from June 1958. Philip Felton had previously worked at the New South Wales branch of the Aboriginal Welfare Board. In his role as State Superintendent in Victoria, Philip Felton also compiled genealogies of many Aboriginal Victorian families, which later became important in Diane Barwick's Collected Genealogies of Aboriginal Victorians.