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Federation and MeteorologyBureau of Meteorology
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Table of Contents

War History of the Australian Meteorological Service

Foreword

Preface

Introduction

Chapter 1: D.Met.S.—Australia's Wartime Weather Service

Chapter 2: The Weather Factor in Warfare

Chapter 3: Met in the Retreat

Chapter 4: Met in the Advance

Chapter 5: Meteorology in Aviation

Chapter 6: Central Forecasting Services

Chapter 7: Met With the Army

Chapter 8: Research and Personnel Training

Chapter 9: Instrumental Development and Maintenance

Chapter 10: Scientific Developments in the RAAF Meteorological Service

Chapter 11: Divisional Bureaux and Their Work

Appendix 1: List of Reports Provided by D.Met.S. for Advances Operational Planning and Other Purposes
Solomon Islands
New Britain and New Guinea Regions
Netherlands East Indies, excluding Dutch New Guinea
Philippine Islands
Japan, with Japanese and Mandated Territories
Miscellaneous Reports
Investigations, Intelligence and Services

Appendix 2: List of Service Personnel RAAF Meteorological Service

Appendix 3: List of Civilian Personnel Who Worked Together with Service Personnel of the RAAF Meteorological Service

Appendix 4: List of Locations at which RAAF Meteorological Service Personnel Served


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Miscellaneous Reports

  • Meteorological reports for the Army on Queensland coastal regions and the West Australian area between Geraldton and Albany. These reports dealt chiefly with rainfall, temperature and wind (April 1942);

  • Meteorological and climatic reports on three small areas in tropical Queensland which were intended to serve as bases for US troops—south of Cape York; Portland Roads near Cape Direction; Mareeba. These reports were required by Col Twaddell, USAAF, acting as Assistant Director, Allied Meteorological Service. Conditions for September, October and November 1942 were required;

  • Meteorological and climatic conditions over the area from Townsville northwards to New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland and farther north to the Equator (July 1942);

  • Wind conditions along the Queensland coast—required by US Army Engineering headquarters for constructional purposes (August 1942);

  • Rain and cloud at selected places in Netherlands East Indies for RAAF Command, Brisbane (October 1942);

  • Normal and probable extreme conditions at Darwin and Melbourne from the surface to 7,000 feet to DTS RAAF, in connection with the performance of aircraft engines (October 1942);

  • List of reports arising out of local investigations, and available for distribution by 22 October 1942. This list was compiled and distributed for the information of all the services (October 1942);

  • Maximum wind gusts and their direction and normal monthly strongest wind gusts at Port Moresby, for consideration in construction (October 1942);

  • Table of meteorological conditions over Australian equatorial areas, for Chemical Warfare Wing (November 1942);

  • List of reports, arising out of local investigations and available for distribution. This report replaced that of 22 October 1942 (December 1942);

  • Assistance to the Army in the compilation of a report on the climate of NEI, and Malaya. The finished production was called The Climate of Malaysia (2 December 1942);

  • Average frequency and incidence of thunderstorms over an area within 200-250 miles of Brisbane, for D Sigs RAAF (December 1942);

  • Report for RAAF Command, Brisbane, giving details of temperatures at places in New Guinea, New Britain and the Solomon Islands (January 1943);

  • Report to DCAS RAAF setting out meteorological conditions at selected aerodrome sites, from which a selection was to be made for the location of a Parachute Training Unit. It was suggested that from meteorological considerations, Richmond, NSW, was the best station (February 1943);

  • RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 1 was issued and distributed, replacing the report issued on 31 December 1942 (February 1943);

  • Addendum No 1 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 1 of 1 February 1943 (March 1943);

  • Wind and sea conditions at Exmouth Gulf, WA (March 1943);

  • Rainfall season along the north coast of Papua, for the Public Relations Office, RAAF (April 1943);

  • Addendum No 2 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 1 of 1 February 1943 (April 1943);

  • Details of visibility and low cloud conditions at night at Mt. Gambier in connection with plans to extend training in night flying. Report for 2 AOS (April 1943);

  • Winds and seas at Onslow, Thursday Island and Port Moresby, for the Navy (May 1943);

  • Addendum No 3 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 1 of 1 February 1943 (May 1943);

  • Report on wind, ice and fog conditions over the air-route from Mt. Eba to Archerfield, for the Department of Civil Aviation (May 1943);

  • Army asked "What area in Queensland has a climate most closely resembling that of New Guinea?" Report furnished (May 1943);

  • Temperature and sea temperature at a number of places around Australia, for the Navy (May 1943);

  • Report on fog conditions at Bathurst, NSW, for Met OIC, Laverton (May 1943);

  • Brief summary of conditions—wind, cloud, rainfall, number of rain days, fog, haze, mist—at Laverton, Port Lincoln, Ceduna, Warnambool, King Island, Flinders Island, Cambridge, Yanakie, for Met OIC, Laverton (June 1943);

  • Meteorological conditions and aids to forecasting, Ceylon to Exmouth Gulf (June 1943);

  • Addendum No 4 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 1 of 1 February 1943 (June 1943);

  • Meteorological and climatological conditions on York Peninsula, for the Army (June 1943);

  • Report on the measurement of upper winds at Williamstown by GL method, and recommendation of the extension of the method to other stations (preferably radiosonde stations) by reason of the satisfactory result obtained at Williamstown (June 1943);

  • Report giving a review of the paper A Study of the Meteorology of the Tropical South-West Pacific area (June 1943);

  • Addendum No 5 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 1 of 1 February 1943 (July 1943);

  • Information concerning NE Indian Ocean to Services Reconnaissance Department (July 1943);

  • Report on wind velocity at Morobe, Briva, Salamaua (July 1943);

  • Addendum No 6 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 1 of 1 February 1943 (August 1943);

  • Addendum No 7 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 1 of 1 February 1943 (September 1943);

  • Meteorological conditions at Enemy Aerodromes throughout SWPA was compiled and forwarded to HQ Allied Air Forces, SWPA, then issued as Objective Folder No 76. Places dealt with were—Alexishafen, Atamboea, Babo, Bima, Boeloedowang, Boram, Borpop, Boeroe, But, Cape Gloucester, Dagua, Kavieng, Kemajoran, Kendari, Lae, Lakunai, Laha, Langgoer, Langoan, Lorengau, Madang, Madioen, Malahang, Malang, Mangar, Mandai, Munda, Nabire, Nubia, Oelin, Panapai, Penfoei, Rambang, Rapopo, Salamaua, Tandjoeng Priock, Tarakan, Timoeka, Utarom, Vunakanau, Waingapoe, Wakde Island and Wewak. In the report brief summaries of seasonal characteristics, winds, rainfall, wet days, cloud, low cloud, visibility, temperature, humidity, tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, state of sea, earth tremors and immediate topography were given (September 1943);

  • A supplement to Objective Folder No 76 was produced in January 1944 in which the following enemy aerodromes were dealt with—Boela, Cape Chater, Doelah, Doeroa, Doka Barnt, Galela, Hoskins, Jefman, Kaoe, Lautem West, Limboeng, Malimpoeng, Miti Namatanai, Rakada, Selaroe, Lobera and Trangan. This supplement was accompanied by a short report The Influence of Topography on Meteorological Conditions with particular reference to the Equatorial Islands to the North of Australia;

  • Report giving a review of the paper Synoptic Analysis in the South-West Pacific Area;

  • Programme of meteorological research, for RAAF Command, meteorological section, Brisbane (November 1943);

  • RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 2 was issued. This report superseded RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 1 of 1 February 1943, and seven addenda thereto.

  • In List No 2, items were regrouped as follows:

  • Section I gave "Reports etc, arising out of local investigation" and was divided into Series 1, 2, 3, and 4;

  • Section II "Regional Studies of Meteorological and Climatic conditions in enemy occupied areas" and was divided into Series 5, 6 and 7;

  • Section III "Air-Mass and Frontal Analysis" divided into Series 8 and 9;

  • Section IV "Studies on Special Subjects", Series 10 only;

  • Section V "Army Service Reports", divided into Series 11 and 12;

  • Section VI "Meteorological Equipment in Laboratories and Workshops", divided into Series 13 and 14 (December 1943);

  • (After the issue of this List, the demands for about the next two years (or up to the end of the Japanese war) by the various Australian Services, also British and American, were heavy)

  • A problem was submitted by D/DRM RAAF, "The determination of the weather factor w. and the weather cycle d."; these statistics then to be applied with a view to arriving at the most economical yet wholly effective routine practice of servicing of aircraft (involving size of pool) at all Flying Training Stations. Meteorological work commenced with conditions at Parafield, completed March 1944 (December 1943).

  • (This project was revised in December 1944, and results were found for other stations, viz. West Sale, Ballarat, Nhill, Cressy and Maryborough);

  • Thunderstorms, their frequency, seasonal and diurnal incidence in Netherlands East Indies and New Guinea, for the Dutch Army (January 1944);

  • Temperature and rainfall with tabulated data in Malaya and Netherlands East Indies, for the Optical and Scientific Instrument Panel (January 1944);

  • Daily course and behaviours of temperature and pressure at operational stations in New Guinea (Port Moresby, Salamaua), Goodenough Island and Madang—for Optical Munitions Panel, the University of Melbourne (January 1944);

  • Paper on north-west monsoon front in New Guinea by Mr J V Maher (January 1944);

  • Frontology of sub-tropical Australia by M. C. Cassidy (January 1944);

  • Collection of meteorological charts of historical importance commenced and this work continued periodically to the end of the war and beyond (February 1944);

  • Addendum No 1 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 2 of 1 December 1943 (February 1944);

  • Report giving, for radar purposes, humidity conditions at Townsville, Sydney, Darwin and Port Moresby (February 1944);

  • Report to the Scientific Liaison Bureau on dust in the atmosphere in New Guinea (March 1944);

  • Review of paper Thunderstorms in Brisbane (March 1944);

  • Addendum No 2 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 2 of 1 December 1943 (April 1944);

  • Review of paper Forecasting on the Solomon Sea by Kerr and McIntyre (May 1944);

  • Review of paper Cyclonic Disturbance in the Coral Sea by McCartney (May 1944);

  • Report giving information concerning dust and other impurities in the air in New Guinea, for MGO Branch, Army (May 1944);

  • Report giving general weather conditions causing deterioration of materials, (tenting, etc.), to Munitions Supply Laboratories (May 1944);

  • Report giving average number of clear and cloudy days monthly in Australia, to assist in planning a photographic survey of Australia, to Photographic Reconnaissance Unit (June 1944);

  • Note on The Wambraw, a local wind in Geelvink Bay, Dutch New Guinea (June 1944);

  • Addendum No 3 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 2 of 1 December 1943 (June 1944);

  • Meteorology of Netherlands East Indies (Timor to Borneo and South Sumatra) and Australia (north of Tropic and west of Longitude 135 degrees East), mainly from the point of view of the health of troops and care of stores, for the Army (July 1944);

  • Report to Munitions Supply Laboratories concerning a suitable location in Australia for the testing of new tropic proof tenting between August and December (July 1944);

  • Addendum No 4 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 2 of 1 December 1943 (July 1944);

  • General meteorological conditions in New Guinea, for Army Ordinance (September 1944);

  • Report on general meteorological conditions in New Guinea and neighbouring islands, for UK Army Liaison staff (October 1944);

  • Report giving general meteorological conditions in Borneo and neighbouring parts of the Netherlands East Indies, to Special Reconnaissance Detachment (October 1944);

  • Addendum No 5 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 2 of 1 December 1943 (October 1944);

  • Reviews of two papers Wambraw and Waves on Cyclonic Circulations between latitudes 10 degrees North and 10 degrees South (December 1944);

  • RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 3 was issued. This list consolidated List No 2 of 1 December 1943, and addenda (December 1944);
  • Addendum No 1 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 3 of 15 December 1944 (February 1945);

  • Comment on paper by Cassidy The Limitations of the Canned Map. Paper later revised and ready for issue in June (March 1945);

  • Addendum No 2 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 3 of 15 December 1944 (April 1945);

  • Notes to ACS, Melbourne Section, on the weather on the coast of British North Borneo (May 1945);

  • Report on gales, squalls and strong winds over seas in Australian Equatorial Regions, to RPL, Sydney (May 1945);

  • Addendum No 3 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 3 of 15 December 1944 (June 1945);

  • First number of Weather Research and Development Bulletin (Southern Section) (July 1945);

  • Report on seasonal conditions of temperature, humidity, wind and rainfall in New Guinea and adjacent areas, including particular reference to Port Moresby, Lae, Aitape, Jacquinot Bay and Torakina (July 1945);

  • Addendum No 4 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 3 of 15 December 1944 (August 1945);

  • General meteorological report on Tokyo, Japan, for Army Tropical Scientific Section (October 1945);

  • Addendum No 5 to RAAF Meteorological Research Report List No 3 of 15 December 1944 (October 1945);


People in Bright Sparcs - Maher, John Vincent (Jack)

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Haldane, T. 1997 'War History of the Australian Meteorological Service in the Royal Australian Air Force April 1941 to July 1946', Metarch Papers, No. 10 October 1997, Bureau of Meteorology

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