Federation and Meteorology, The Weather Prophets, Endnotes

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The Weather Prophets - Endnotes

1.	Brisbane Courier, 27 September 1902, p.5. [Return to page 7]
2.	Ibid. One of the guns remains in Charleville as a tourist attraction, see: http://www.action-graphics.com.au/matilda_country/html_pages/charleville/charlevillevortex.html; http://walkabout.fairfax.com.au/locations/QLDCharleville.shtml. [Return to page 7]
3.	For biographical information on Wragge, see: W. J. Gibbs, 'The Origins of Australian Meteorology', Metarch Papers, no. 12, June 1998; Paul D. Wilson, 'Wragge, Clement Lindley (1852–1922)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 12, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1990. [Return to page 7]
4.	Clement L. Wragge, 'The Stiger Vortex', Wragge's Australasian Almanac and Weather Guide, Brisbane, 1902, p. 183. [Return to page 7]
5.	The Brisbane Courier provided regular updates on the 'Stiger Vortex fund', see for example, 16 September 1902, p. 4; Brisbane Courier, 16 September 1902, p. 6. [Return to page 7]
6.	Brisbane Courier, 29 September 1902, p. 5. There are a number of different versions of Wragge's Charleville exploits, most of which assume that he was present at the time of the firing. However, newspaper reports make it clear that he left Charleville shortly after setting up the guns. See, for example: W. J. Gibbs, 'The Origins of Australian Meteorology'; Geoffrey Bolton, Spoils and Spoliers—Australians make their environment, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1981, p. 34. [Return to page 7]
7.	Clement L. Wragge, 'A day with the weather clerk', Wragge's Australasian Almanac and Weather Guide, Brisbane, 1902, p. 261. For more on intercolonial rivalries see, R. W. Home and K. T. Livingston, 'Science and Technology in the Story of Australian Federation: The Case of Meteorology, 1876–1908', Historical Records of Australian Science, vol. 10, no. 2, December 1994, pp. 109–27. [Return to page 7]
8.	Clement L. Wragge, 'Suggestions for the establishment of a Federal Weather Burea for the Commonwealth of Australia', Pastoralists' Review, vol. 11, no. 3, 15 May 1901, pp. 167–9. [Return to page 7]
9.	H. H. Sprigg to Editor, Sydney Morning Herald (SMH), 19 April 1946, p. 2. [Return to page 8]
10.	B. W. Newman to Editor, SMH, 24 April 1946, p. 2. [Return to page 8]
11.	Windows on Meteorology—Australian perspective, Eric K. Webb (ed.), CSIRO, Melbourne, 1997, see chapters 1–8. [Return to page 8]
12.	Geoffrey Blainey, A land half won, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1980, pp. 10–12. [Return to page 8]
13.	Alec H. Chisholm, '"Twill surely rain—How nature "forecasts" in Australia', Argus, 28 April 1934, p. 8. [Return to page 8]
14.	Wragge, 'A day with the weather clerk', p. 261. [Return to page 8]
15.	CPD, vol. 7, 20 May 1902, p. 12662. [Return to page 8]
16.	Home and Livingston, 'Science and Technology in the Story of Australian Federation: The Case of Meteorology, 1876–1908'. [Return to page 8]
17.	Argus, 2 February 1911, p. 7. [Return to page 8]
18.	Argus, 28 September 1922, p. 8. [Return to page 8]
19.	Argus, 14 June 1923, p. 11. [Return to page 8]
20.	Wragge, 'A day with the weather clerk', p. 261. [Return to page 8]
21.	Argus, 11 July 1935, p. 11. [Return to page 8]
22.	John Gardner, 'Stormy Weather: A History of Research in the Bureau of Meteorology', Metarch Papers, No. 11 December 1997. [Return to page 8]
23.	For a first-hand account see, John Lillywhite, 'My Early Years in the Bureau of Meteorology', Metarch Papers, no. 4 February 1992. [Return to page 8]
24.	John Hogan, 'This tricky task of weather forecasting', SMH, 29 May 1953, p. 2. [Return to page 8]
25.	Wragge, 'A day with the weather clerk', p. 261. [Return to page 8]
26.	Argus, 17 July 1934, p. 6. [Return to page 8]
27.	B. W. Newman to Editor, SMH, 24 April 1946, p. 2; John Hogan to Editor, SMH, 14 May 1953, p. 2; John Hogan, 'This tricky task of weather forecasting'. [Return to page 8]
28.	Crosbie Morrison, 'Odds on the weather—Polar research and long-range forecasts', Argus, 3 September 1932, p. 4. [Return to page 8]
29.	Argus, 5 June 1934, p. 6. [Return to page 8]
30.	W. J. Gibbs, 'The Origins of Australian Meteorology'; Lennox Walker, Only an Australian, published by the author, Golden Beach (Queensland), 1996, pp. 194ff. [Return to page 8]
31.	John Steele, 'Jones, Inigo Owen (1872–1954)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 9, Melbourne University press, Melbourne, 1983; Walker, Only an Australian, pp.193ff; John Hogan, 'Notes Prepared by John Hogan (1896–1970)', Metarch Papers, no. 2, March 1986. [Return to page 8]
32.	For example: Argus, 1 March 1919, p. 5; Argus, 1 June 1934, p. 8; Argus, 19 January 1937, p. 8; Argus, 29 October 1938, Weekend Magazine, p. 8–9; Sun-Herald, 16 September 1956, p. 23 [Return to page 8]
33.	Walter Jago, 'We may soon foretell the weather for years ahead', Argus, 29 October 1938, Weekend Magazine, pp. 8–9. [Return to page 8]
34.	Argus, 7 April 1923, p. 8. [Return to page 8]
35.	SMH, 3 May 1953, p. 2. [Return to page 8]
36.	Ibid. [Return to page 8]
37.	Argus, 18 May 1912, p. 19 [Return to page 8]
38.	SMH, 3 May 1953, p. 2. [Return to page 8]
39.	CPD, vol. 156, 30 June 1938, p. 2903; CPD, vol. 157, 13 October 1938, p.750. [Return to page 8]
40.	CPD, vol. 157, 13 October 1938, p.750; CPD, vol. 158, 30 November 1938, pp.2275–6. [Return to page 8]
41.	Argus, 27 July 1918, p. 16. [Return to page 9]
42.	Argus, 29 December 1928, p. 15. [Return to page 9]
43.	Argus, 3 August 1935, p. 21. [Return to page 9]
44.	Ibid. [Return to page 9]
45.	SMH, 1 July 1950, p. 2. [Return to page 9]
46.	Argus, 27 July 1918, p. 16. [Return to page 9]
47.	Blainey, A Land Half Won, pp. 349–53; Bolton, Spoils and Spoilers, pp. 30–35; Jenny Keating, The drought walked by—A history of water storage in Victoria, Department of Water resources, Victoria, 1992, pp. 39–42; Neville Nicholls, 'Developments in Climatology in Australia: 1946–1996', Australian Meteorological Magazine, no. 46, 1997, pp. 127–135. [Return to page 9]
48.	Rupert S. Charlett, 'Will man ever control the weather or the rain?', Argus, 4 February 1939, Weekend magazine, p. 9. [Return to page 9]
49.	'Man cannot yet cause rain—But Australia has seen some interesting experiments in the past', Argus, 9 December 1944, Weekend Magazine, p. 2. [Return to page 9]
50.	Ibid. [Return to page 9]
51.	Argus, 18 March 1920, p. 7. [Return to page 9]
52.	Charlett, 'Will man ever control the weather or the rain?', p. 9. [Return to page 9]
53.	'Man cannot yet cause rain', p. 2. [Return to page 9]
54.	Douglas Liversidge, 'Weather to order next?', SMH, 23 January 1947, p. 9. [Return to page 9]
55.	SMH, 25 January 1947, p. 1. [Return to page 9]
56.	SMH, 12 February 1947, p. 3. [Return to page 9]
57.	CPD, vol. HofR 6, 31 May 1955, p.1221. [Return to page 9]
58.	David Burke, 'Rain - Is this the year of the pay-off?', Sun-Herald, 12 May 1957, p. 27. [Return to page 9]
59.	SMH, 13 August 1955, p. 3. [Return to page 9]
60.	W. J. Gibbs, 'A perspective of Australian meteorology', Australian Meteorological Magazine, no. 30, March 1982, p. 6; W. J. Gibbs, 'A Very Special Family: Memories of the Bureau of Meteorology 1946 to 1962', Metarch Papers, no. 13, May 1999. [Return to page 9]
61.	SMH, 6 January 1958, p. 5; see also, 'Science versus cyclone', Sun-Herald, 16 December 1956, p. 30. [Return to page 9]
62.	'So the weather's been odd! Well, those A-bombs . . .', SMH, 11 July 1956, p. 2. [Return to page 9]
63.	SMH, 1 January 1958, p. 2. [Return to page 9]
64.	Ibid. [Return to page 9]
65.	Wragge, 'A day with the weather clerk', p. 261. [Return to page 10]
66.	Ibid. [Return to page 10]
67.	SMH, 23 December 1999. [Return to page 10]

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